Informatics Publishing Limited

Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P., IN

Abstract

The study was conducted to know the operational parameters of an entrepreneurial venture set-up by 200 entrepreneurs running both boutiques and beauty parlours in Agra district. Primary data were collected through interview schedule during year 2005. Based on the nature of data, percentage was used as statistical measure. It can be drawn from the findings that majority of women entrepreneur had been advised by their husband and own idea and got the idea after discussing individually with people to start this particular enterprise. The strength of the product idea evaluated by women entrepreneurs were skill easily available, high rate of return, simple technology and low investment. Weaknesses of the potential idea evaluated by women entrepreneurs were seasonality of raw material. The opportunities of the potential idea evaluated by women entrepreneurs were less mobility required, large market, socially accepted. Threats regarding potential idea evaluated by women entrepreneurs were high demand. Some factors assessed by women entrepreneurs were investment needed followed by need of infrastructure and availability of skilled labour. Majority of women entrepreneurs analysed product demand through discussion with consumers. At initial stage, women entrepreneurs had started their enterprise with an investment of 20,001 and above. Later and present stage, women entrepreneurs had an investment range of up to Rs. 10,000. Women entrepreneurs were able to recover the investment fully. They obtained funds from their husbands and from personal savings. On the basis of above findings, it can be said that women were running an enterprise with the help of their counterparts to balance the family economy after assessment of various operational parameters. For these women entrepreneurs' welfare, Government and concerned organization should organize EDP and invite interested women specially for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial world welfare in reference of recession so that every entrepreneur could get benefit in balanced way.

Keywords

Sources of Idea Generation, Finance, Investment Pattern of the Enterprise

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Vibha Laxmi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, I.H.S, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P., IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C.M. P.G. College, Mainpuri U.P., IN

Abstract

Home is the primary unit and it affects the whole society. In present technological era, nobody wish to opt Home Science besides it they prefer to get information through magzines. So the present study was conducted to assess content and coverage of home science articles in hindi magzine Vanita. It was selected purposively. The 12 volumes of the magazine from January 2002 to December 2002 were selected. Primary data were collected through interview schedule from Shikohabad of Firozabad district during 2002-2003. Percentage was used as statistical measure. It is concluded that out of many subjects in non- Home Science articles, beauty column and personal problems and suggestion (37 per cent) were most widely reported articles being covered by the popular Hindi magazine magazine Vanita. Out of Home Science articles, articles related to Human Development (28.19) was the most widely reported subject. Area covered under different H.Sc. subjects, articles was found 43.71 per cent under "Food and Nutrition". Maximum length of heading (31.54 per cent) were found in the range of 10 to 15cm.The maximum percentage of diagram in article (29.56 per cent) was observed in the field of "Food and Nutrition" followed by "Clothing and Textile (25.96 per cent)". The maximum percentage of table in article, 50 per cent was calculated in the field of "Clothing and Textile" followed by "Human Development" (20 per cent).The magazine must cover all the areas of Home Science and its related techniques and should publish the magazine in local language.

Keywords

Magazine,women, Content in Home Science Magazine

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Extension Education, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P., IN

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate women entrepreneurs and their motivational sources and factors in Agra rural. One hundred women entrepreneurs were selected randomly for the present study. Primary data were collected through interview schedule during year 2005. Percentage was used as statistical measure. It can be extracted from the findings that hundred per cent of women entrepreneurs were influenced by husband. Hundred per cent and 94 per cent of women entrepreneur were highly motivated to earn money and to get rich. Twenty four and 23 per cent entrepreneurs were averagely motivated for financial stability/securities. Twenty six per cent of women entrepreneur were low motivated due to availability of surplus money. Twelve per cent and 10 per cent of women entrepreneur were highly motivated to gain prestige and to sustain social prestige, respectively. Majority (19 % and 32%) of women entrepreneur were highly and averagely motivated "to employ people. To carry on family business was the highly motivating factor for 89 per cent of women entrepreneurs. Eighty three per cent of women entrepreneurs were highly motivated due to most convenient job and it does not affect the family life. Twenty two per cent were averagely motivated to win husband's appreciation. Fifty three and thirty eight per cent of entrepreneurs were highly and averagely motivated to be productive, use personal abilities. I do not have educational qualification to seek a job and to keep myself busy were low motivating factors for 39 per cent and 37 per cent of entrepreneurs.On the basis of above indings. Government should do more effort for finding out the entrepreneurs those are working but not identified and susidised. For these kinds of entrepreneurs, government should do effort for converting their units from small to medium and medium to large unit through which population density in particular sector can be minimized in rreference of employment. If it can not be possible, people will have to do target oriented jobs. In which if target is suited out, people will get salary otherwise not. It is another facet of exploitation.

Keywords

Motivating sources, Factors, Women entrepreneurs

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Neetu Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, I.H.S., Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P., IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Kr.R.C.M.P.G. College, Mainpuri Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P., IN

Abstract

Effective communication is essential for reaching the targeted receivers. Good communication should consist of creating understanding, imparting about the concern subject. Therefore, the present study was carried out to analyse effectiveness of Home Science articles in Hindi newspaper "Sangini" (Dainik Jagran). It was selected purposively; fifty one newspapers from January 2003 to December 2003 were selected.Primary data were collected through interview schedule from Saurikh block of Kannauj district. Percentage was used as statistical measure. It can be concluded from the findings that It can be concluded from the findings that most of the women (38.34%) gave first rank to "Home Management" on the basis of high level of effectiveness of articles. Articles effectiveness to different aspects, 76.67 per cent women were in the favour of cover page and coverage + subject matter + language and 46.67 per cent gave first rank to the subject matter. In case of get up of newspaper, 61.67 per cent women answered "Good". Sixty eight per cent women liked the form of articles. Fifty five per cent women were not responding/sending suggestions and sixty per cent were not sending their articles for newspaper. Eighty three per cent women attracted sometimes towards photograph on the front page of newspaper. Majority of women (61.67%) reported 'very usefulness' of this newspaper reading. Fifty eight per cent women were purchasing newspaper sometimes. Sixty three per cent women were bringing information in practice 'sometimes'i.e. is gathered from newspaper. Maximum of women (56.67%) found attitudinal changes in their behaviour after reading newspaper and 68.33 per cent found changes in themselves regarding the subject F.N. + H.D. + H.M. + C.T. Thirty one per cent women gave first rank to the subject namely 'clothing and textiles' regarding changes in their behaviour. Fifty three per cent women were giving suggestions related to newspapers. Therefore, it is concluded that newspaper's editorial team is efforting for diverting the consumers for reading the newspaper content instead of certified research outcome based books.

Keywords

Newspaper, Food And Nutrition,human Development, Family Studies, Clothing, Textiles, Family Resource Management, Extension Education

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, A.P., IN

Abstract

A woman, who is exhibiting enterprise survival, sustaining and making successful oriented behaviour is known as entrepreneur. Being an entrepreneur without being from familial business background, she gets empowerment in all spheres of life. So, in the present study, an effort has been made to know the relationship between entrepreneurial behaivour and empowerment level of women entrepreneurs. Fifteen women entrepreneurs' from each zonal area was selected running both boutiques and beauty parlours in Agra city. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Based on the nature of data and relevant information, co-efficient of correlation was used as a statistical measure. The study concluded that significant and positive correlation was found between entrepreneurial behaviour. The findings of this study will help to fresh researchers in finding new ways of sharpening indicators of entrepreneurial behaviour in their study, so that empowerment level of women entrepreneurs could increase.

Keywords

Co-efficient, Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Empowerment Level

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Neetu Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, I.H.S., Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Educat ion, Kr. R.C.M.P.G. College, Mainpuri (U.P.), IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Newspaper, Home Science Subjects, Food And Nutrition, Human Development And Family Studies, Clothing And Textiles, Family Resource Management, Extension Education

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedekar University, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Motivational Sources, Factors of Women Entrepreneurs

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedekar University, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats And Entrepreneurs

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, U.P., IN

Abstract

Women have to perform various duties and responsibilities because of having multiple roles at home and in surviving and managing an enterprise in these circumstances. They stress that kind of stress is known entrepreneurial stress. For making stressful condition, some factors are known as constraints. Therefore, keeping in view, present study was conducted to know entrepreneurial role stress and constraints faced by 200 women entrepreneurs of Agra district (100 urban women entrepreneurs running boutiques and beauty parlours and 100 rural women entrepreneurs running dairy enterprise) during the year 2005. Percentage was used for analysing and calculating the collected data. The finding of the study showed that the mean number of role stress conditions faced was 4.02 which indicate that women entrepreneurs on an average faced low to high number of role stress condition while co-efficient of variation value of 80.92 suggest that women entrepreneurs were highly heterogeneous with respect to the number of role stress conditions. Women entrepreneurs were facing" lack of credibility", "lack of social mobility and "dual responsibilities. Women entrepreneurs faced less number of constraints (1-9). Women entrepreneurs expressed that "lack of knowledge about agencies and institution working for entrepreneurs was a major constraints affecting their entrepreneurship development. Women entrepreneurs complained "lack of knowledge about" technical know how about the unit. "frequent and higher need of finance". Out of financial obstacles, entrepreneurs were facing lack of sufficient working capital for the enterprise. Out of the constraints regarding man-power, women were facing "non-co-operative attitude of workers and "non-availability of skilled labour .Women entrepreneurs were facing constraints regarding raw material and marketing. Raw materials require "diligent selection" for satisfying consumer needs. In reference of marketing, entrepreneurs were facing "competition from established and larger units in that line" and "difficulty in getting money from buyer after sale/service (57 per cent)". It can be suggested to Government and concerned organization should do effort at both the level. Stress and constraints are seen more in urban instead of rural because people are migrating for earning a living towards urban. Conclusively, distribution of resources is decreasing day by day. In parallel of it, Government is doing effort for minimizing urban entrepreneurial role stressful conditions and constraints instead of opening entrepreneurship developing Institutes/units in rural so that migration could be stopped and resources can be enjoyed according to proportion sharing.

Keywords

Entrepreneurial, Role, Role Stress, Role Conflict, Problems, Constraints, Conditions

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra U.P., IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Motivational Factors, Pull, Push Factors, Motivational Sources

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Vibha Laxmi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Extension Education, I.H.S., Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra U.P., IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C. Mahila Post Graduate College, Mainpuri U.P., IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Advertisement, Home Science, Women,magazine

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra U.P., IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Attributes, Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Attributes

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra U.P., IN

Abstract

Every person has some attributes. It depends where these attributes are exhibited by women. If these attributes expresses in daily routine life, will known as general behavioural attributes. In case, women those running an enterprise are exhibiting behaviourally in entrepeneurial world, will be known as entrepreneurial attributes. With this view, this study was conducted to know the entrepreneurial attributes of 200 women entrepreneurs of Agra district (100 women entrepreneurs from urban area running boutique and beauty parlour, 100 rural women entrepreneurs running dairy enterprise). Primary data were collected through interview schedule during year 2005. Based on the nature of data, percentage was used as statistical measure. The study depicted that women entrepreneurs were moderate risk-takers, possessed high achievement motivation, and were having high leadership attribute and were expressing moderate leadership attribute. Women entrepreneurs were highly clear about themselves had high capability for persuasion. Women entrepreneurs' attitude towards entrepreneurs was moderate and had moderate problem solving ability. For these kinds of entrepreneurs, Government should organise workshops, seminar, conferences and training programme regarding entrepreneurial aspect through which their entrepreneurial attributes could be more polished for making their enterprise successful.

Keywords

Attributes, Indicators, Characteristics of Entrepreneurs

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, AGRA (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Abstract not Given.

Keywords

Empowerment, Socio-Economic Status/Characteristics

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension, Institute of Home Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Woman entrepreneur is a woman who innovates an economic activity. The purpose of present study was carried out to analyze entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial behaviour. Descriptive type of research design was used to study entrepreneurial behaviour which consisted of two indicators;achievement motivation and risk taking willingness. Sixty women entrepreneurs running boutiques/beauty parlours were selected. For assessing achievement motivation, Thematic apperception test developed by Mehta (1976) was used with slight modification and risk taking willingness was assessed with the help of six risk taking situations given by Mathai (1978). Primary data were collected through interview schedule in zones of Agra city U.P. (India) during 2002-2005. Percentage, coefficient of correlation were used as statistical measure .The study showed that majority of entrepreneurs were exhibiting moderate achievement motivation and risk taking willingness oriented behaviour. The findings of study are based on expressed opinions of the entrepreneurs. Hence, the findings of the present study would provide a better insight to the concern persons in preparing and implementing entrepreneurial development programme, even then the findings of this study will be an eye opener for policy makers.

Keywords

Attributes, Psychological Attributes, Achievement Motivation, Risk Taking Willingness.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Empowerment implies a state of mind and attitude of a person. The aim of present study was to explore extent of empowerment of women entrepreneurs. Descriptive type of research design was used to study three indicators of empowerment namely decision-making, sense of personal efficacy and achievements after venturing an enterprise of 60 women entrepreneurs running boutique/beauty parlour. For assessing decision-making, decision-making index was developed. To measure sense of personal efficacy an inventory of thoughts and tendencies consisting of appropriate statements devised by Prayag Mehta (1995) was used. For assessing achievements after running enterprise, full freedom was given to the entrepreneurs to express their achievements. Primary data were collected through interview schedule in zones of Agra city in U.P. during 2005. Percentage was used as a statistical measure. The study showed that entrepreneurs were taking decisions related to economic security, making heavy purchases, daily purchases, mobility in reference of enterprise and major decisions relating to the enterprise and possessing average sense of personal efficacy. Entrepreneurs expressed achievements, which were increase in self-confidence, taking immediate decisions;increase in recognition, become self-dependent and increase in their self-respect. The findings of the study are based on expressed opinions of the entrepreneurs. Hence, the objectivity would be limited to the extent of the entrepreneurs' honest opinions. In spite of this limitation, it is hoped that the findings of this study would provide a better insight in preparing the future plan for empowering women.

Keywords

Empowerment, Decision-Making, Sense of Personal Efficacy, Entrepreneurship.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Priti Jadoun ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Kumar R.C. Mahila Post Graduate College, (Dr. B.R.A.U.), Mainpuri (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Krishi Vigyan Kendra are the grass ischolar_main level vocational training institutions designed for bridging the gap between the available resources and technologies at one hand and on the other hand application for increased production. For assessing this the present study was conducted to know the socio-economic status and knowledge and their impact on 90 trainees of K.V.K. Aligarh. Out of 90 trainees, 20 women from Kalupura Gram Panchayat of Jawan block and 70 women from Barotha Gram Panchayat of Dhanipur block were selected. Descriptive type of research design was used. Based on nature of data, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and t-test were used as statistical measures. It was concluded from the findings that most of the farm women belonged to the age group of 25-35 years, upper caste, educated up to primary level and married. Majority of farm women belonged to joint family, had family members up to 9 and having family income of Rs. 3000 and above. Majority of the farm women reported neighbours as local source of information. Maximum of farm women informed that the programme of food preservation was held at the K.V.K. centre. Majority of farm women reported that off campus training was provided by K.V.K. centre. Mean score of impact regarding K.V.K. was found to be more among the farm women aged upto 35 years, belonged to lower caste, literate, acted as head of the family, joint family having 10 and above members in the family, having income more than Rs. 3000 per month, and neighbours as the local source of information.

Keywords

Socio-Economic Status, Knowledge, Impact.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Ragini Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C.M.P.G. College (BRAU) Mainpuri (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Government plan and execute various programmes for making women empowered but in real women are not aware about such efforts or benefits. So the aim of present study is to identify the level of awareness of women about Government programme. Primary data were collected through interview schedule from six villages of Saurikh village of Kanpur district and percentage was used as statistical measure. The study show that majority of working women were more aware about programmes and considering themselves as empowered on the economic ground, while non-working women were not. The reason behind this is they were limited upto household duties and responsibilities, and they belonged to similar group. So they have no opportunity to get information about Government endeavours for their welfare. Therefore, Government should plan and execute programme in considering women and their socio-economic status and should facilitate them in every sphere of assistance.

Keywords

Women, Programmes, Knowledge, Awareness.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Pooja Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C.M.P.G. College (BRAU), Mainpuri (U.P.), IN

Abstract

It has been commonly assessed by everyone that women are the key factor in the process of change and development. So Government plan and execute several programme for their development because they are the half of the entire population. The successful development requires the fuller participation of its natural and human resources. Any real attempt regarding socio-economic development must be viewed as a movement involving all segments of society. For assessing socio-economic profile of women functionaries, scale of Trivedi (1963) was used with slight modification. Interview schedule was used to collect primary data. Therefore, the aim of present study was to identify socio-economic profile of women and their knowledge about Government programmes. The findings of the present study show that majority of the respondents were in the age-group of 30-40 yrs., illiterate, belonged to schedule caste, from nuclear family having 5-8 members. They were aware about the programmes namely; Vridhavasthana Pension Yojna and Vidhava Pension Yojna. They were participating in Vidhava Pension Yojna and Indira Awas Yojna. Therefore, efforts should be made to aware firstly and secondly to facilitate them before executing the beneficial programmes.

Keywords

Women, Programmes, Knowledge, Awareness.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Surabhi Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C.M.P.G. College (Brau) Mainpuri (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Panchayat raj institution is a network of village panchayats. Representation of women in Panchayat was initiated to provide equal opportunities in political system at grass ischolar_main level and as a result they rose up to national level. They could do better for their category from lower to upper level. So the aim of present study was to identify socio-economic profile of 60 women Panchayat functionaries. For assessing socio-economic profile of women functionaries, scale of Trivedi (1963) was used with slight modification. Interview schedule was used to collect primary data. The findings of the study show that they were in the age group of 31-40 years, backward caste, hindu, illiterate and educated upto Junior high school, married and from agricultural background, belonged to nuclear families having upto five members. Their annual income was in between Rs.10,001-Rs.20,000. They were holding land size upto 2.5 acre and residing in kachcha house. Along with above betterment, they were facing various types of problems namely; problems regarding child rearing practices, social co-operation, and illiteracy. The findings of this study inform about the factual of their knowledge and they are required for make a mark of their thumb on papers besides it nothing. So, there is a need to aware women about their existence as an independent, their role, and responsibilities before giving them administrative incentives, because in this condition, they will not act as required but they will become the puppet of puppeteer.

Keywords

Women, Panchayat, Socio-Economic Characteristics.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Vibha Laxmi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C. Mahila Post Graduate College, Mainpuri (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The present time is the time of advanced projected audio-visual aids. People like to see and eager to be upto date hurriedly. For making upto the mark, adequate and correct feedback is required for purposeful communication. It provides opportunities to communicator to take correct steps and acts as a pathfinder for making correct the content of magzine. So the present study was conducted to identify socio-economic characteristics of reader/subscribers and their opinion abouthindi magazine vanita. The socio-economic profile was studied under two heads; personal and family characteristics. S.E.S. of Trivedi (1963) was used with slight modification. Primary data were collected through interview schedule from Shikohabad of Firozabad district during 2002-2003. Percentage was used as statistical measure. Majority of readers/subscribers of magazine were from the age-group of 26-40 yrs., general caste, and graduate and above. They were in service. They belonged to nuclear families having upto 5 members. Majority of women were residing in mixed house, and possessing only one house. Fifty per cent of the respondents were landless. Sixty per cent women have more interest in reading magazines. Majority (53.33 %) were regular subscriber of magazine. In case of first choice of magazine, maximum percentage of women (56.67 %) was reading magazine vanita. Fifty six per cent liked articles of the magazine. Fifty three per cent women were purchaging this magazine from shop for getting advanced information. Fifty per cent reader were liking and in the favour of all Home Science articles. Forty six per cent women were in the impression of published articles based on Food and Nutrition, Human Development, Home Management, and Clothing and Textile. It is suggested that distribution of magazine should made available in rural areas and cost of the magazine should be in reach of the average person. It is suggested that experiences of the readers should be included in the magazine either in the form of articles or letters of readers.

Keywords

Socio-Economic Characteristics, Their Opinion.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension Education, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Woman entrepreneur is a person who organizes and manages activity/organization, undertaking the risks for fulfilling some of her needs. Definitely every entrepreneur has some attributes for running an enterprise. So the aim of present study was conducted to explore entrepreneurial attributes of women entrepreneurs. Descriptive type of research design was used to study two entrepreneurial attributes namely achievement motivation and risk taking willingness of 60 women entrepreneurs running boutique/beauty parlour. For assessing achievement motivation, Thematic Apperception Test developed by Mehta (1976) was used with slight modification. Risk taking willingness was assessed with the help of six risk taking situations given by Mathai (1978). Primary data were collected through interview schedule in zones of Agra city in U.P. during 2002-2005. Percentage and co-efficient of correlation was used as a statistical measure. The study showed that majority of entrepreneurs were possessing moderate achievement motivation (51.7%) and risk taking willingness (65.00%). They started their enterprise primarily for personal achievement (35.90%) and secondly for social achievement and need for influence (20.20% each). The findings of the study are based on expressed opinions of the entrepreneurs. Hence, the objectivity would be limited to the extent of the entrepreneurs' honest opinions. In spite of these limitations, it is hoped that the findings of this study would provide a better insight in preparing the future plan for the entrepreneurship development among women.

Keywords

Attributes, Psychological Attributes, Achievement Motivation, Risk Taking Willingness.

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Seemaprakalpa ¹, Pooja Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science Extension, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, AGRA (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Home Science Extension, Kr. R.C.M. P.G. College (DR. B.R.A.U.), MAINPURI (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The trends of women's participation have been visibly reversed in recent years but the essential involvement of women in the rural development for their countries is not presently wide. Women in decision making and influential power are exception rather than the rule and they do not yet enjoy the equal status. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out decision making level and opinion of women in various family related activities. Primary data were collected through interview schedule from 80 women of Parigwan village of Mainpuri district. Majority of respondents were found to be disagree regarding female education (82.50 %), female employment (70 %), right to take decision for the family (77.50 %), female worked independently (51.25 %), female decision regarding marriage (90 %) and female decision regarding casting of vote freely (96.25 %). While majority of the respondents were agree that female took part in religious activities (72.50 %) and female participation in political activities (75 %). Forty eight per cent of the respondents were found to be indifferent regarding equal status in the family while only 20 per cent respondents were of the opinion that equal status of female should be given in the family. They think that opinions of their husband are their decision because they are limited upto household duties and responsibilities. Therefore, there is a great need to counsel, provide guidance and aware about their abilities.

Keywords

Women, Decision-Making, Opinion.

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